Sumber foto: Hipwee
THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF MALANG MAYOR REGULATION 6 OF 2015 ABOUT TARIFF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
The Research Arranged to Comply The Assignment of Metodologi Penelitian
Lecturer: Miftahus Solehuddin, M.HI
Arranged by:
Izzatul Ulya (15230082)
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW DEPARTEMENT
SYARIAH FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
2016
A. BACKGROUND
Malang
is one of the major cities that have a high enough intensity bustle. This was
evidenced by the many students who come from out of town. Not only academic
activities, but also other activities that support the economy in Malang. To support
these activities needed public transport, especially for people who don’t use
private transport.
In order to establish security, safety and comfort in the field of transport in the city of Malang, the government provides public transportation is one of the shuttles. As stated in the Regulation of Mayor of the City of Malang Number 5 of 2011 on the Implementation of Transport People on the Road with the Motor Vehicle Works, which reads Transportation Network Road is a series of nodes and/or space activities that are linked by space traffic so as to form a unified network system for the purposes of organizing traffic and road transport. Transport is the movement of people and/or goods from one place to another by using the Space Vehicles in Road Traffic. Traffic is the movement of vehicles and people in the Road Traffic Space. Commercial vehicles are motor vehicles which is provided for use by the public by paying either directly or indirectly.[1]
In order to establish security, safety and comfort in the field of transport in the city of Malang, the government provides public transportation is one of the shuttles. As stated in the Regulation of Mayor of the City of Malang Number 5 of 2011 on the Implementation of Transport People on the Road with the Motor Vehicle Works, which reads Transportation Network Road is a series of nodes and/or space activities that are linked by space traffic so as to form a unified network system for the purposes of organizing traffic and road transport. Transport is the movement of people and/or goods from one place to another by using the Space Vehicles in Road Traffic. Traffic is the movement of vehicles and people in the Road Traffic Space. Commercial vehicles are motor vehicles which is provided for use by the public by paying either directly or indirectly.[1]
One
of the government’s policy of Malang in determining public transportation is
the transportation tariffs. To follow up meeting Forum Traffic and Road
Transport Malang and representatives of transport owners cities dated January
23, 2015 in order to discuss the adjustment rate of urban transportation based on
changes in fuel prices, adjusting the Mayor Regulation Malang 24 of
2013 on Tariff Transport In Mayor Regulation Malang 6 of 2015 on
Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 About Tariff Transport.
As contained in article 1, which states that some provisions in Malang Mayor
Regulation 24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport, is amended as follows:
Tariff Cities Regional Transport for transportation vehicles the city and to
all pathways stretch with the provisions of the premium price Rp. 6,000 (six
thousand rupiah) up to Rp. 8,000 (eight thousand rupiah) shall be determined as
follows; (A) between Terminal or remotely close to the passenger is not a
student or students Rp. 3500.00 (three thousand five hundred rupiah); (B)
between the terminal and passengers or remotely close to the uniformed student
or students Rp. 2,000.00 (two thousand rupiah).[2]
But
in practice in the field, we met a lot of practices not in accordance with the
regulations made by most drivers. Many of those who raise prices unilaterally
transport. Many people are not aware of the existence of it. Usually this
person in action when there are new students or people who first came to
Malang. Many public transport drivers who deliberately exploit them. In
addition to unilaterally raise the price of public transportation, they also
sometimes forces with the price. Most public transportation drivers say no
nickels or small change, and some even say the price of 3500,- very cheap and
not proportional to the distance.
From
the above explanation, will discuss the rise of public transportation drivers
who cheat and don’t obey the rules of Regulation Malang Mayor 24 of
2013 on Tariff Transport In Mayor Regulation Malang 6 of 2015 on
Amendment Regulation Malang Mayor 24 of 2013 About Rates Transport.
B.
FORMULATION
1.
How
is the implementation of Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 on Tariff
Transport In Malang Mayor Regulation 6 of 2015 on Amendment Malang Mayor
Regulation 24 of 2013 About Transport Rates.
2.
Why
is the practice that is inconsistent with Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 on Tariff Transport In Malang Mayor Regulation Number 6 of 2015 on
Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 About Tariff Transport.
C. LITERALURE
REVIEW
1.
Implementation
of Legal Theory
According to Lawrence M. Friedman, there are three elements in the
legal system, namely:[3]
First, the legal system has a structure. The legal system is constantly
changing, but the parts of the system was changed at different speeds, and each
part changes is not as fast as other specific part. The structure of the legal
system consists of the following elements: the number and size of the court,
its jurisdiction (types of cases examined, and how and why) and how to
appeal from one court to another court.
Another aspect is the substance of the legal system. Namely the
rules, norms, and real human behavior patterns that are in the system.
Substance also means “product” generated by people who are in the legal system
or a decision issued. The emphasis here lies in the laws of the living (Living
law), not only on the rules in the book of the law (law books).
The third component of the legal system is a legal culture. Namely
human attitudes toward law and the legal system - beliefs, values, thoughts and
hopes. In other words, the legal culture is the atmosphere of social thinking
and social force that determines how the law is used, avoided or misused.
Without the legal culture, legal system itself will not be helpless - like a
dead fish lying in the basket and not like a live fish swimming in the sea.
Friedman likens the legal system as “structure” the law like a machine. The
substance is what is produced or worked by the machine. Legal culture is
anything or anyone who decides to turn on and turn off the engine and to decide
how the machines are used.[4]
2.
Determination of Rates public transportation system
The system of tariff application is the imposition of tariffs on
passengers. The way in which will play an important role in the processing of
public transport in order to value rates that have been defined to provide
justice for all users and traffic can move smoothly. In general, explained in
transport fares is a list of the prices for users of transport services are
arranged on a regular basis and are calculated according to the transport
capabilities. Operating rates where there is transport fares according to
distance speed difference in rates, or specific nature of the cargo being
transported, whereas the great value rates make the determination based on two
fundamental values, namely:[5]
a.
Cost
of public transport providers,
b.
Gains
or desired profit.
In general tariff system is classified into:
1) The
system flat or flat, ie a system which sets tariffs for all passengers and all distances.
2) Systems
mileage basis or by distance, the system sets different rates for each
passenger according to the distance of travel.
3) System
group rates, a combination of flat and mileage basis, namely transport tariff system is based on the origin and destination passengers.
4) System
tapering rates ie the system with mileage basis or by distance but not
proforsional accretion rates with changes in the distance. The farther the
distance of travel, the fare increase will be small. This system is ideal to
use for long distance travel with a lot of transit in other words, given a
special price for the direct and continuous journey.
5) Tariff
system based on the status of passengers in terms of tariffs differentiated
according to the status of passengers, so there is a group of passengers with
different tariff. The division of these groups can be based on age, status and
others, for example, students and non-students.
System of tariff differentiation according to the time, that
distinction based on the number of passengers at the time in question. The
success tariff system is very dependent on the elasticity of the
journey that changes in the number of passengers if there are changes in rates
or no change in total costs. Elasticity and success rate fixing by this
distinction is largely determined by the number of passengers and ticket prices
early.[6]
3.
Authority to Make Local Regulation
Under the constitution and legislation authorized institution in
the formation of laws and legislation are:[7]
1)
The
Council of Representatives together and with the approval of the President.
While entitled to propose draft laws can be derived from the Parliament, the
Government, and DPD.
2)
Legislative
Council or Parliament and the Head of Government who form the local regulations
that are entitled to propose draft local regulations.
The cornerstone of the Authority to make laws spelled out in the
legislation include:
1) Act
12 Year 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation.
2) Act 32 of 2004 on Regional Government.
3) Act 27 of 2009 on the People’s Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives
and the Regional Representatives Council.
The right to propose the preparation of legislation can be proposed
by the executive and legeslative. Therefore, the competent authorities of the institution/
agency executive and legislature was entitled to submit a draft regulation
intended to use each door.[8]
4.
Material Content and Formation of Regulation
Legislation
set some principles regarding regulation as follows:
1)
Regional
Head sets laws with Parliament approval
2)
The
regulation established in the framework of the implementation of autonomy, task
penbantuan and further elaboration of legislation is higher.
3)
Regulation
should not be contrary to the public interest, other legislation, or
legislation is higher.
a.
The
legislation may include provisions compulsion of law enforcement costs, or
imprisonment of six months or a fine of up to five million rupiah.
4)
Decision
ditetapakan Regional Head for implementing Regulation
5)
Regulation
and decisions governing the regional head, loaded in the sheet area.
6)
Regulation
may appoint certain officers as investigators implementation of Regulation
(Regulation and Decision PPNS Regional Head)[9]
5.
METHODS
1.
Types of Research
This
type of research in this study is empirical jurisdiction which in other words
is a kind of sociological and legal research can be named after the field
research, including reviewing the provisions of the applicable law and what
happens in reality in society. Or a study of the actual state or the real
situation that occurs in people with a view to determine and find facts and
data required, after the required data collected then leads to the
identification of problems that eventually lead to the settlement of the
problem.
Empirical
research is called, because you want to know the reason that why most of the
public transportation drivers don’t obey Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of
2013 on Tariff Transport In Malang Mayor Regulation 6 of 2015 on
Amendment Malang Mayor Regulation 24 of 2013 About Tariff Transport.
To find out their views about the new rules.[10]
2.
Research Approach
The
approach taken in this study using qualitative approach. A qualitative approach
is a research procedure that produces descriptive data, sourced from the
writings or expressions and behaviors that can be observed by humans. Using a
qualitative approach because the data that will be obtained by researchers
sourced from observable expression of informants regulators Malang public
transportation fares, public transportation drivers and passengers.
Regarding
their behavior, researchers will obtain data from informan above expression
through interviews why they set freight rates which are not in accordance with
existing regulations. In accordance with the foundation on a qualitative
approach, more emphasis on patterns of human behavior, which is seen from the “frame
of reference” the doer itself, so people need to be understood as a central
actor and is a unit of analysts and placing it as part of a whole.[11]
3.
Analysis
How
legal material processing is a descriptive analysis[12]
that describes the problems faced or studies that provide insights carefully on
an individual or group on the circumstances and symptoms that occur. In this
case the process of legal materials by conducting the literature secondary law
covering primary legal materials[13]
and secondary legal materials[14]
related to normative juridical analysis related to the implementation Regional
Rules of Malang. Researcher presents the descriptive, by describing a condition
associated with the implementation of regulations concerning public
transportation tariff which does not comply with existing regulations.
6.
EXPOSURE AND ANALYSIS
1.
Implementation
of the Law
Public
transport is one of transport in Malang are often used. The benefits of
transport is of course very much. Among other activities in order to assist in
Malang, whether the activity academic, economic and social. Public
transportation is an option to address the growing transportation needs of the
community.
One
of the government’s policy of Malang in determining public transportation is
the transportation tariffs. Under article 2, paragraph (1) of the regulation,
which reads
Cities Regional Transportation Tariff for regional transportation
and to all the lines stretch with the provisions of the premium price Rp. 6,000
(six thousand rupiah) up to Rp. 8,000 (eight thousand rupiah) shall be
determined as follows; (A) between Terminal or remotely close to the passenger
is not a student or students Rp. 3500.00 (three thousand five hundred rupiah);
(B) between the terminal and passengers or remotely close to the uniformed
student or students Rp. 2,000.00 (two thousand rupiah).[15]
But
in practice in the field, met a lot of practices that are inconsistent with the
Mayor Regulation. Numerous violations that occur in the field, including public
transport drivers who transport unilaterally raise prices, forcing the public
transportation tariff payments, utilizing the ‘ignorance’ of society, and
others.
In
this case when viewed from the theory of law implementation by Lawrence M.
Friedman as has been described above, there are three elements in the legal
system, namely: the structure, substance and legal culture. Structure
associated with types of cases examined, and how and why) and how to appeal
from one court to another court. Another aspect is the substance with regard to
rules, norms, and real human behavior patterns that are in the system, whereas
with regard to the cultural aspect of human attitudes toward law and the legal
system - beliefs, values, thoughts and hopes. In order for implementation of
the law can be enforced, then the above three elements can’t be separated.
Substantially
law which rules, norms, and real human behavior patterns that are in the
system, of course it has violated Malang Mayor Regulation 6 of 2015
About Tariff Transport. Violation of this article is very diverse. Among these
are many of them who raise prices unilaterally transport. Likewise, many people
who are not aware of the existence of it.
There
are several factors why many people don’t know about it, among them the lack of
socialization about the price of transport fares, as well as many public
transport drivers were deliberately forced to pay the price so. In fact, some
are deliberately not follow a predetermined transportation path, after it set
the price of public transportation drivers in accordance with the willingness
of public transportation drivers. Usually, because of public ignorance is
deliberately exploited by public transportation drivers.
Actually
the price dissemination freight rates are already placed at each entrance of
transport. But unfortunately many once found several shuttles that removing the
tariffs. That initially only the price of Rp 2,000 for students and Rp. 3500
for the public, and then deleted by public transport drivers. There are even
removing the tariff so completely that no trace of the rules given by the
Department of Transportation in Malang.
In
addition many unscrupulous transport driver who deliberately forcing passengers
to pay that much. Especially on one of the codes that claim public
transportation and long distances are not comparable with prices in the Mayor
Regulation. Usually this person in action when there are new students or people
who first came to Malang. Many public transport drivers who deliberately
exploit them. Of the general rate of only about 3500 rupiah, on average they
take the price of about 5,000 rupiah. Even at night, also found improper
payments. Of the rate that can be said, with approximately 7500 rupiah to
15,000 rupiah. Even sometimes when in a state of quiet, there is public
transportation drivers who use the highest rate, namely 25 000 rupiah.
Strengthen
the observation earlier, the author was able to interview some of the users of
public transport. Nia Student UIN Malang, as transport users did not know about
the new rules. In the interview, Nia said, “Saya tidak tahu jika peraturan asli dari Dinas
Perhubungan Kota Malang adalah 3500. Selama ini saya membayar dengan harga
4000,- bahkan saya pernah dipaksa membayar 5000,- ketika naik AL. Alasannya
karena tidak ada kembalian.”[17] However
Qolbi, one of the students of the State University of Malang who also often use
public transport, admitted that he often paid public transportation in accordance
with existing regulations, “Saya sendiri bayar angkot sesuai dengan
peraturan yang ada, yaitu 3500,-. Itupun harus dilihat-lihat dulu bapak
sopirnya. Kalau enakan, biasanya bayar segitu. Kalo enggak, terpaksa bayar
4000,-. Sebagian besar sopir angkot tidak mempermasalahkan itu.”[18]
Probe
is more about the theory of Lawrence M Friedman, the second aspect of the
theory is structural. In this second aspect relates to the structure of the
legal system that consists of the following elements; the number and size of
the court, its jurisdiction (types of cases examined, and how and why) and how
to appeal from one court to another court. But in case of violation of this,
the legal structure of this involves only the Department of Transportation
Malang as preparers and implementing regional policy in the fields of
transportation.
Malang
city Department of Transportation as part of the legal structure has a lot of
functionality for the sake of existing laws, duties and functions of Malang
Transportation Agency in the field of transport alone among them; Formulation
and implementation of technical policy in the field of transportation;
Formulation and implementation of the Strategic Plan and Work Plan in the field
of transportation; Preparation and adoption of technical plan the
transportation network; Monitoring and supervision of road transport and
airport affairs; Implementation of activities in the field of fee collection;
Management of public complaints in the transportation sector.[19]
Department
of Transportation Malang as implementers of government policy in the fields of
transportation admitted aware of practices that are inconsistent with Mayor
Regulation. The author managed to interview Cahyo Budi Santoso, as a field
officer in the Field of Public Transport Department of Transportation Malang,
"Selaku petugas pelayan publik, kami mengacu pada
peraturan yang ada seperti yang ada di perda ini. Tapi kenyataan yang ada di
lapangan, angkutan kota selaku usaha milik pribadi, kalau ada kejadian seperti itu adalah oknum.
Kami tidak bisa memeriksa setiap angkot. Selama ini juga banyak pengaduan dari
masyarakat, tetapi kenyataannya pelaksanaan itu kurang maksimal. Karena
pelaksanaannya di jalan dan dalam keadaan bergerak.”[20]
After
the two elements are met, other aspects that support the implementation of the
rule of law system is the legal culture. It concerns the legal culture of human
attitudes toward law and the legal system - beliefs, values, thoughts and
hopes. In other words, the legal culture is the atmosphere of social thinking
and social force that determines how the law is used, avoided or misused. Every
society has a legal culture, they have a view that is not the same for the law,
which is influenced by the sub-culture (SARA, age, gender, education, income
and even by interests)[21]
In
implementing the above theory, it can be said that there is a legal culture
that this case is a human attitude that indicates low awareness of and
compliance with existing law. The number of violations of public transportation
drivers rated as a low awareness of the law. To change the legal culture of the
community need to understand their values, traditions, customs, and all the
dominant attitudes. Understanding the meaning of the law and the legislation
itself, on the applicability Mayor Regulation on transport fares.
Legal
culture in society is inseparable with the customs that exist in society. Most
people who use public transport have been aware of these regulations. As a
result of habit to say ‘yes’ in reality, eventually pushing ‘the elements’
breaking the rules. So that legal awareness in the community is low and has
become a habit of breaking the law that has been set.
2.
Reasons Rates Public Transportation Not Accordance with Regulation
In this discussion the authors can not be separated with the
problem of legal culture. Where in Indonesia, legal awareness is still very
low. Violations are considered common people most people in Indonesia. Though
the legal culture is the most important aspect. Due to the absence of a legal
culture, the legal system will overlap.
There are several reasons why most of the public transportation
drivers implement public transportation tariff which does not comply with
existing regulations. The author was able to interview Habib, one of the
drivers of public transportation said that,
"Kebijakan walikota itu tidak adil. Harusnya
kenaikan premium, harus dilihat dari presentase. BBM naiknya berapa, maka
kenaikan juga harus sesuai dengan presentasi. Dengar-dengar,apabila BBM turun
500,- maka tariff angkot juga turun 500,- nah kalau seandainya BBM turun 6000,-
terus 3000,- itu habis. Mengenai penarikan angkot lain saya tidak tahu. Coba
disurvey dengan angkotan lain bahkan ada yang mengambil harga Rp. 10000.”[22]
Moreover,
the authors also conducted interviews with one of the drivers of public
transportation does not mention his name, “Saya tahu peraturan itu, tapi memang kita
sengaja bulatkan menjadi 4000,- karena tidak ada uang receh. Saya sendiri
mengikuti peraturan yang ada, hanya saja memang masyarakat sudah terbiasa
dengan harga 4000,-. Masyarakatpun seolah meng’iya’kan..”[23]
Questioning
the legal awareness in principle also questioned aspects of law enforcement.
The study ever conducted by Soerjono Soekanto of Awareness and Compliance Laws
in 1982, opening the door Increasingly clear assessment of the importance of
community involvement in the conception consciously obey a law was passed and
implemented consistently in social relations.[24]
With Reviews their offense transportation drivers considered that was normal by
society, of course, community involvement in reporting violations of public
transportation users is certainly very influential with law enforcement in
Indonesia, particularly in the city of Malang. With the cooperation of the
public in public complaint then helped enforce them.
7.
CONCLUSION
From
the above explanation, it can be concluded that the implementation of the
Regulations Mayor on transport tariffs are still a lot of violations. This
regulation has been implemented by the Department of Transportation Malang as
implementing policies in the fields of transportation. Only in its
implementation is found violations committed by public transportation drivers.
Such violations in the form of withdrawal of tariff unilaterally and force.
It
is presumably because most people take for granted existing violations. The
lack of complaints from the public is what makes the public transportation
drivers are familiar with the pattern of violations as has been described
above. This is where the importance of awareness of the law for all aspects of
society in order to create the perfect law system and are not going inequality.
8.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Sinar
Grafika, 2011
Ananda, Kiky Rizky. Pemberlakuan Tarif Angkutan Umum Perdesaan Bagi Pengguna Jasa
Angkutan Umum Menurut Peraturan Daerah No. 27 Tahun 2013 dan Maslahah Mursalah, Malang: UIN Malang,
2016.
Ashshofa, Burhan.
Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010.
Evanti, Nukila dan Nurul Ghufron, Paham Peraturan Daerah (PERDA)
Berperspektif HAM (Hak Asasi Manusia).
Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2014
Friedman, Lawrence M. American Law An Introduction Second
Edition (Hukum Amerika Sebuah Pengantar) Penerjemah Wishnu Basuki, Jakarta:
PT. Tatanusa, 2001
Huda, Ni’matul.
Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah. Bandung: Nusa Media, 2010.
Koentjaraningrat. Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta,
Indonesia: PT. Gramedia, 1993
Saifullah, Refleksi
Sosiologi Hukum, (Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2010) h. 105
Waluyo, Bambang. Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek.
Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2002.
Hadjar, Abdul Fickar dkk. Analisis
komparatif Budaya Hukum Profesional Hukum Indonesia. http://www.reformasihukum.org/ID/file/anggota/Analisis%20komparatif%20Budaya%20Hukum%20Profesional.pdf
Dinas
Perhubungan Malang, Tupoksi, http://dishub.malangkota.go.id/tupoksi/
Peraturan
Daerah Kota Malang Nomor 5 Tahun 2011 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Angkutan
Orang di Jalan dengan Kendaraan Bermotor Umum
Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Walikota Malang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tarip Angkutan
(IZZATUL ULYA 15230082)
[1] Peraturan
Daerah Kota Malang Nomor 5 Tahun 2011 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Angkutan
Orang di Jalan dengan Kendaraan Bermotor Umum
[2] Peraturan
Walikota Malang Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Walikota
Malang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tarip Angkutan
[3] Lawrence M.
Friedman, American Law An Introduction Second Edition (Hukum Amerika Sebuah
Pengantar) Penerjemah Wishnu Basuki, Penerbit PT. Tatanusa, Jakarta, 2001,
hal 7
[4] Lawrence M.
Friedman, American Law An Introduction Second Edition, h. 7
[5] Kiky Rizky
Ananda, Pemberlakuan
Tarif Angkutan Umum Perdesaan Bagi
Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Umum Menurut Peraturan Daerah Number 27 Tahun 2013 dan
Maslahah Mursalah, (Malang: UIN Malang,
2016) h. 37
[7] Nukila Evanti
dan Nurul Ghufron, Paham Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) Berperspektif HAM (Hak
Asasi Manusia, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2014) h. 29
[8] Nukila Evanti
dan Nurul Ghufron, Paham Peraturan Daerah (PERDA), h. 29
[9] Ni’matul Huda,
Hukum Pemerintahan Daerah, (Bandung: Nusa Media, 2010) h. 205
[10] Bambang Waluyo, Penelitian Hukum Dalam Praktek
(Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2002), h.15
[11] Burhan Ashshofa, Metode penelitian hukum
(Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010), h. 15
[12] Koentjaraningrat.
Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. (Jakarta, Indonesia:Gramedia, 1993)
h. 89
[13] Zainuddin Ali, Metode
Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011) h. 47
[14] Zainuddin Ali, Metode
Penelitian Hukum, h. 54
[15] Peraturan
Walikota Malang Nomor 6 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Walikota
Malang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tarip Angkutan
[16]
Observasi
[17] Wawancara
dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2016
[18] Wawancara
dilaksanakan pada tanggal 10 Desember 2016
[19] Dinas
Perhubungan Malang, Tupoksi, http://dishub.malangkota.go.id/tupoksi/, diakses pada
tanggal 12 Desember 2016 pukul 6.34
[20] Wawancara
dilaksanakan tanggal 8 Desember 2016
[21] Abdul Fickar
Hadjar dkk, Analisis komparatif Budaya Hukum Profesional Hukum Indonesia,
http://www.reformasihukum.org/ID/file/anggota/Analisis%20komparatif%20Budaya%20Hukum%20Profesional.pdf diakses pada
tanggal 12 Desember 2016
[22]
Wawancara dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8 Desember 2016
[23]
Wawancara dilaksanakan pada tanggal 8 Desember 2016
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